Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow in Wheat Fields in Western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crop intraspecific pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) can be scale-dependent. A study was conducted in western Canada to examine PMGF in commercial spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. At each of two sites located in the semiarid Grassland region of Saskatchewan, PMGF was measured from a 16-ha (400 × 400 m) field of imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant wheat (cultivar CDC Imagine) to an adjacent field of conventional (non-IMI-resistant) wheat (cultivar AC Barrie) with the same dimensions. Wheat grain samples of AC Barrie were collected at varying distances up to 400 m along five equally-spaced transects oriented perpendicular to the common border with CDC Imagine. A total of 2,000 seedlings per sample were screened for resistance to imazamox at 200 μM in a 7-d soil-less bioassay. Putative-resistant hybrids were confirmed by two allele-specific analyses: cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker detection of the IMI-resistance allele, TaAhasL-D1, and polymerase chain reaction detection of heterozygotes. Averaged across transects and sites, PMGF was 0.20% at the common border and declined exponentially with increasing distance; the maximum distance that PMGF was detected was 80 m from the donor field. Within 5 m of the common border, hybridization frequency averaged 0.14%. Averaged across the entire field, hybridization frequency averaged 0.006%; when grain from a 5-m harvested strip adjacent to the donor field was excluded from the harvest-blended seedlot, hybridization frequency was reduced by 33% to 0.004%. The largest contributor to adventitious presence in wheat is likely not PMGF, but seed-mediated gene flow. Frequency and distance of PMGF can guide grower stewardship practices for identity preservation in wheat cultivars possessing different traits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".