1141099968 Immunization under the influence of estradiol leads to non‐sterile protection against genital herpes infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in the induction of protective immune responses after intravaginal (IVAG) immunization with an attenuated strain of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV‐2 TK‐). Previously we reported that ovariectomized (OVX) mice receiving estradiol (E) prior to immunization were not protected, while mice receiving progesterone (P) had sterile protection after IVAG HSV‐2 challenge. Protection correlated with the ability of TK‐ to cause productive infection. Lack of protection in the E group was associated with the effect of E on thickening of vaginal epithelium. In the current study, we examined the effect of E on immunization after the thickening of vaginal epithelium subsided. OVX, C57BL/6 mice were given P, E or saline (S) for 3 days. The P and S groups were then immunized with IVAG TK‐. To determine the time point at which E mice could be successfully immunized, TK‐ was given between days 1 and 7 (E1–E7) post‐E treatment. Three weeks after immunization, mice were challenged with IVAG HSV‐2. Protection was absent in E1–E4 groups, 100% in E6 and E7 and partially successful in E5. While the protection in P and S was sterile, protected mice in E5 and E6 groups had non‐sterile protection. The presence of HSV‐2 specific IgG antibodies in the vaginal washes after challenge closely correlated with sterile immunity. After challenge, vaginal associated lymphoid tissues (iVALTs) were seen in the vaginal tract of the protected groups, except for the E5 group. The cytokine environment after challenge was also examined. The results show that while immunization under the effect of E may lead to clearance of virus, the mechanism is quite different than that seen under other hormonal conditions. Local hormonal influences must be considered when designing vaccines for STDs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".