Epileptiform synchronization in the human dysplastic cortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taylor's focal cortical dysplasia corresponds to a localized disruption of the normal cortical lamination with an excess of large, aberrant cells. Sustained epileptic discharges originate from the dysplastic neocortex and this tissue retains sufficient connectivity for expressing seizure abnormalities. In this brief review, we summarize the findings obtained by analyzing surgically-resected human tissue with focal cortical dysplasia that was maintained in vitro in a brain slice preparation. These data have been compared with those obtained from human cortex with normal structural organization; such tissue was available from patients undergoing surgery for a variety of neurological disorders, most often for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. These studies have shown that: (i). slices obtained from focal cortical dysplastic tissue have an intrinsic ability to generate ictal-like epileptiform events when challenged with the convulsant drug 4-aminopyridine; (ii). 4-aminopyridine-induced ictal discharges are not seen in neocortical slices obtained from neocortical samples with no or minimal structural lesion; (iii). these ictal discharges are caused by the activation of excitatory amino acid receptors, and in particular those of the N-methyl-D aspartate type; (iv). focal cortical dysplastic tissue also generates synchronous potentials that are mainly contributed by GABA(A) receptor-mediated conductances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".