An experimental and numerical study on hydraulic characteristics and theoretical equations of circular weirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to streamline curvature, non-hydrostatic pressure distribution, and nappe adherence on the weir wall, the discharge coefficient of weirs is less than 1.0. However, in cylindrical weirs, the discharge coefficient extends to values more than 1.0 due to the different pressures and velocity distributions. In this study, pressure and velocity distributions of different circular weirs are simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Fluent software and compared with experimental results. The numerical results of CFD show a significant correlation with measured data from manometers and a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). Experimental observations show that the critical flow depth forms before and after the crest for greater and smaller discharge coefficients, respectively. Nappe separation depends on overflow discharge and will shift to the downstream face of the cylinder in high discharges. To recognize the location of critical flow and nappe separation, analytical formulations are proposed depending ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".