Scattering parameter model of low level electrical contacts in electro-mechanical microwave switches-a switch manufacturer approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A model that predicts the variation of the scattering parameters with contact resistance for RF microwave switches is presented. The studies encompass analyses and measurements of electro-mechanical coaxial microwave switches as well as RF MEMS switches. The model accounts for the effects of the contact geometry, contact force and surface texture on the discontinuity in the transmission line generated by the contacts of microwave switches. The model demonstrates the influence of high frequency signals on constriction resistance and insulation resistance of the contacts. An experimental setup is presented for the validation of the model. The experimental data correlates very closely with the performance predicted by analyses for all three studied frequencies covering L-band through C-band to Ku-band. The same model is relevant for standard electro-mechanical switches as well as for RF MEMS switches. The usefulness of the model is evident in the manufacturing environment for electro-mechanical RF switches. The model establishes a method for monitoring RF characteristics by performing a DC contact resistance test that is easier to implement especially over temperature extremes and over a large number of switching operations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".