Entre o Trabalho e a Garantia de Renda: A Trajetória Recente da Proteção Social no Canadá
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Os últimos 20 anos têm sido marcados por reformas nos sistemas de proteção social em um largo conjunto de países. De forma geral, tem-se observado o crescimento dos programas não contributivos de garantia de renda e sua associação a programas de inserção no mercado de trabalho. Essa trajetória também foi percorrida pelo Canadá, cujo sistema federativo acolhe diferentes experiências nesse campo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo traçar um retrato sobre a evolução recente dos programas de segurança de renda desenvolvidos pelos governos federal e provincial em benefício da população do Quebec. A necessidade de abordar os programas originários nas duas esferas de governo justifica-se pela importância desses programas em relação aos objetivos de garantia de renda para os diversos segmentos da população, assim como pelos esforços em busca de maior integração entre essas várias iniciativas. O trabalho apresenta a trajetória dos programas para a segurança de renda voltados aos idosos, às crianças e à população em situação de pobreza. Descreve-se ainda a evolução recente das políticas de renda voltadas predominantemente para a população em idade ativa, assim como as iniciativas de inserção no trabalho para este grupo, que vêm sendo progressivamente aprimoradas e integradas, tendo em vista o objetivo do combate à pobreza, de promoção do emprego e de dinamização do mercado de trabalho. The last 20 years have been marked by reforms in social protection systems in a wide range of countries. In general, one has observed the growth of non-contributory income security programs and their association to labor market inclusion programs. This course is also seen in Canada, whose federal system hosts, however, different experiences in this field. This work draws a picture on the recent development of income security programs developed by the federal and provincial governments for the benefit of Quebec’s population. The need to address the programs originating in the two spheres of government is justified by the importance of these programs to objectives of income security for the various segments of the population, and by recent efforts in search of greater integration among these various initiatives. The paper presents the recent history of programs for income security for the elderly, children and the population in poverty. Furthermore, it describes the recent development of income policies predominantly devoted to the population in working age as well as the initiatives for inclusion of this group in the labor market, which have been progressively refined and integrated in order to accomplish their aims of fighting poverty, promoting employment, and making the labor market more dynamic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".