Seasonal cycles of O<sub>3</sub>, CO, and convective outflow at the tropical tropopause
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements from the SHADOZ ozonesonde network and Aura MLS are used to show that there are seasonal cycles in ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) at the tropical tropopause (∼17 km). A simple model, driven by cloud free radiative mass fluxes, is used to investigate the origin of these seasonal cycles. The seasonal cycle in O3 is due to seasonal changes in upwelling and high altitude convective outflow. The seasonal cycle in CO at 100 hPa is influenced by both seasonal changes in dynamics and seasonal changes in CO at lower altitudes. The age of air at 17 km varies from 40 days during NH winter to 70 days during NH summer. The seasonal cycle in clear sky radiative heating at the tropical tropopause is mainly due to seasonal cycles in O3 and temperature. The seasonal cycle in O3 can be expected to amplify the seasonal cycle in cold point temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".