Spatial variation of Bakken or Lodgepole oils in the Canadian Williston Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract There are two opposing schools of thought that infer either the Bakken Formation or the Lodgepole Formation as the primary source rock for the Madison-reservoired oils in the Canadian Williston Basin. A recent geochemical study revealed evidence indicating the existence of significant mixing of Bakken and Lodgepole oils in the Madison reservoirs. To investigate the geographic distribution of the oil compositions, we employed a multivariate statistical method to extract source and maturity-specific geochemical signatures from a geochemical data set for spatial analysis. Oil mixing appears to be geographically dependent and restricted by a northeast-southwest–striking zone (Torquay-Rocanville trend) in southeast Saskatchewan. Thus, fracture or fault systems are inferred to have provided high-permeability zones allowing Bakken-derived oil to migrate upward across the Lodgepole Formation. The areas without significant fault or fracture systems favor lateral oil migration along porous beds, restricting Bakken-derived oil accumulation to pools in Bakken reservoirs and Lodgepole-derived oils to occur primarily in overlying reservoir beds of the Madison Group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".