Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cesium is a member of Group 1(IA) alkali metals. It resembles potassium and rubidium in the metallic state, and the chemistry of cesium is more like that of these two elements than like that of the lighter alkali metals. Cesium is the rarest of the naturally occurring alkali metals (ranking 40th). The most commercial cesium source is pollucite. Canada is the world's largest cesium source containing approximately two‐thirds of the known ore. Pure cesium is a silvery white soft, ductile metal. Pollucite preparation consists of mining the ore, crushing it to size, followed by hand picking. The three methods of converting pollucite to cesium metal or compounds are direct reduction, decomposition, and acid digestion. The cesium market is small. The metal is highly reactive and special precautions are necessary for handling and shipping. Cesium isotopes are used in medical and biotechnology applications. Cesium's principal application is in formate brines, used for oil and gas drilling exploration. Cesium is used for time standards based on the vibration of the atom. Cesium is used also in electronic and chemical applications. Cesium compounds are manufactured by comparatively a large number of companies and are discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".