DC and noise characteristics of InP-based avalanche photodiodes for optical communication applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The DC and low frequency noise characteristics of InGaAs/InP planar separate absorption, grading, charge, and multiplication (SAGCM) avalanche photodiode are reported. These devices have DC gains greater than 100 with about 0.3 /spl mu/W input power and breakdown voltages V/sub br/ of 56 V. At 0.9 V/sub br/, the dark current is typically 10 nA for a 30-/spl mu/m-diameter active area device. The theoretical calculations of dark currents indicates that the primary dark currents come from generation-recombination and diffusion currents in both active and periphery regions. The breakdown voltage is in agreement with the calculation, which shows that the partial charge sheet does prevent the premature breakdown in the periphery region. The shot noise power is determined to be proportional to I/sup 2.7/, in agreement with theory. The lack of 1/f noise indicates the partial charge sheet is a good design to replace conventional guard ring design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".