Breakthrough and Sulfate Conversion Analysis during Removal of Sulfur Dioxide by Calcium Oxide Sorbents
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sorption of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) was carried out on calcium‐based sorbents under dynamic conditions in a fixed bed. The experimental conditions were reaction temperature (700 to 1000°C), SO 2 concentration (1000‐10 000 ppm), sorbent particles size (1 to 2 mm) and the types of sorbents (hydroxide or carbonate). The sorption process was found to be effective at low concentration levels (less than 10 000 ppm) as the breakthrough time significantly decreased with increase in concentration. The maximum removal of SO 2 was observed at a reaction temperature of 950°C. The hydroxide‐based sorbents of relatively smaller particle size were found to exhibit superior sorption performance in terms of longer breakthrough time and higher sulfate conversion. A mathematical model developed, assuming a porous structure of the sorbent materials, attributed the low sulfation conversion during SO 2 sorption due to a pore diffusion mechanism.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it