Experimental investigation of the effects of turbulence intensity on frazil ice characteristics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The counter-rotating flume at the University of Manitoba was used to conduct a series of 21 laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of turbulence intensity on frazil ice formation and evolution. A detailed study of the velocity and turbulence intensity distributions within the counter-rotating flume was initially conducted using a constant-temperature anemometer equipped with a one-dimensional conical hot-film probe. Five levels of turbulence intensity were generated by five different sets of bed plates and flume wall rotation rates in order to study how turbulence affected the frazil particle size distributions and the statistics related to clear disk-shaped particles. It was found that a lognormal distribution could not be rejected when describing the frazil particle size distributions, regardless of the turbulence intensity of the water. The variation of the mean and standard deviation of particle diameter with turbulence intensity are well described by a parabolic shape. A preliminary equation to describe the variation of the mean and standard deviation of particle diameter as a function of turbulence intensity and time is presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".