Bibliographic record
Abstract
The productivity of many terrestrial ecosystems is controlled or limited by phosphorus bioavailability. Within these ecosystems, nearly all of the bioavailable phosphate is ultimately derived via the weathering of apatite [Ca5(PO4)3 (OH,F,Cl)]. Highly insoluble lanthanide phosphate minerals form during apatite weathering and are important secondary phosphorus repositories in soils. Prior studies indicate that these phases can be dissolved via biologically-mediated pathways. However, mechanistic understanding of biotically- and abiotically-mediated dissolution mechanisms is lacking. We tested the impact of biogenic substances ubiquitous in soils, namely oxalate, ascorbate, citrate, and humic acids, as well as the commercial chelating agent EDTA, on the dissolution of rhabdophane [CePO4 · H2O], a representative of a large class of soil phosphate minerals. We show that these compounds can facilitate the dissolution of rhabdophane at 3 < pH < 8 and result in the non-stoichiometric release of Ce3+(aq) and PO43-(aq). Release of Ce3+(aq) and PO43-(aq) is a function of ligand type and pH, except for EDTA, whose impact is not pH dependent. With the exception of oxalate reacted at pH 3, the effectiveness of EDTA surpasses that of any other ligand in releasing Ce3+(aq) from the CePO4 · H2O surface. Speciation calculations are consistent with mineral dissolution through formation of aqueous Ce3+-EDTA complexes. Mineral dissolution in the presence of oxalate at low pH likely involves concomitant proton and ligand attack of the mineral surface. In these experiments, a fast release of Ce3+(aq) is followed by a sharp decrease in solution Ce3+(aq) concentration, consistent with precipitation of a Ce phase. In the presence of ligands other than EDTA and oxalate, no accumulation of Ce3+ occurred in solution due to the precipitation of CeO2(s) on the rhabdophane surface. CeO2 may be responsible for the observed oxidation of ascorbate, as it has been reported for catechol (Cervini-Silva and Banfield, 2003). Our results indicate that rhabdophane dissolution is controlled either by strong ligand complexation of Ce3+(aq) or by sequestration of Ce4+ ions as CeO2 (s), effectively increasing the mineral solubility. This work shows that interactions between organics, CePO4 · H2O, and CeO2(s) imply potentially important linkages among the cerium, phosphorus, and organic carbon cycles in soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".