Intraspecific kleptoparasitism and counter-tactics in the archerfish (Toxotes chatareus)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanics of the archerfish’s remarkable ability to spit down aerial prey is well studied. Relatively unknown, however, are the social consequences of this hunting method. To explore how physical factors and behavioural choices affect the use and success of intraspecific kleptoparasitism in socially foraging archerfish, 10 tagged, juvenile archerfish (Toxotes chatareus) were presented in groups of 3, 5, and 7 with single crickets of 3 sizes overhanging the water by either 15 or 30 cm. Video review revealed all spits, jumps, attempted thefts, and consumptions. Kleptoparasitism attempts were common, resulting in a 43.6% loss rate to the fish that successfully brought down the prey. Group size affected the probability of kleptoparasitism asymptotically: loss rate increased as group size increased from 3 to 5 members, but with no further increase at 7 members. As observed with other kleptoparasitic species, the rate and success of kleptoparasitism increased with both prey size and prey height (analogous to handling time). Several counter-kleptoparasitism behaviours were observed, including jumping to grab prey directly, aggression, spitting technique, and positioning.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it