A New Breast Phantom With a Durable Skin Layer for Microwave Breast Imaging
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Breast phantoms (BPs) are required to test and validate microwave breast imaging prototypes. For this purpose, a new BP made from carbon/rubber mixtures is proposed. These materials have: 1) electrical properties that are stable over time and representative of human target values and 2) mechanical properties that allow the material to be flexible and withstand reasonable stress. To characterize and optimize the carbon/rubber materials, samples made with varying carbon concentrations were created and the dielectric properties were measured. From these materials, a skin layer, fatty layer, glandular structures, and phantom tumors were cast from three-dimensional (3-D) printed molds and assembled into a complete BP. These phantoms mimic the anatomical structures of the breast, are reconfigurable for a variety of tests, and are easy to create in a typical lab environment. A microwave breast imaging prototype system was used to measure reflections from BPs. Comparison with reflections from human trials demonstrated that the phantom provides appropriate skin reflections. Phantoms incorporating glandular structures were imaged using a delay-and-sum technique. A response consistent with the position of the inclusions was observed. Overall, the carbon-based phantoms provide similar reflections to human tissue, and have proven useful for testing our imaging algorithms.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it