Kinetics of the Antibody Response to Tetanus-Diphtheria-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Women of Childbearing Age and Postpartum Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Because adolescents and adults act as a primary source of pertussis infection for infants, vaccination of mothers immediately postpartum is a potential strategy to reduce transmission (cocoon strategy). For this to be effective, high levels of antibodies must be achieved rapidly after vaccination. We sought to determine whether the antibody response to tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) is sufficiently rapid to support the cocoon strategy. METHODS: Two sequential studies were performed. The first was a nonrandomized, open study of a 5-pertussis-component Tdap vaccine (tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, pertussis toxoid [PT], filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA], fimbriae types 2 and 3 [FIM], and pertactin [PRN]) given to women of childbearing age; the second was a randomized, open study of Tdap or no vaccine in postpartum women. Serum levels of immunoglobin (Ig) G and IgA against pertussis antigens, serum levels of IgG against diphtheria and tetanus, and breast milk levels of IgA against pertussis antigens were measured at various times after vaccination. RESULTS: In both studies, the antibody response was relatively rapid, with serum IgG and IgA levels beginning to increase noticeably by days 5-7 and approaching peak levels by day 14. Greater than 68% and 84.4% of IgG and IgA responders, respectively, achieved ≥ 90% of their maximum titer by day 14. The diphtheria and tetanus antibody kinetics followed a similar time course. Breast milk levels of IgA against PT, FHA, and FIM were first detectable at day 7, peaked by day 10, and then slowly decreased through day 28. Antibodies against PRN showed a similar response, although the peak occurred at day 14. There were no significant antibody responses in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the antibody response to a dose of Tdap in healthy nonpregnant women of child-bearing age and postpartum women occurs by day 14 and is suggestive of an anamnestic immune response, it may not be sufficiently rapid to protect infants in the first weeks of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".