Numerical simulations of flow in flared sections of the human infrarenal aorta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of separation zones in arteries may have important implications in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. It is known that arteries flare proximally to bifurcations where atherosclerotic lesions develop. Flow through an axisymmetric flared cylinder, which simulated the human infrarenal aorta, was studied using FIDAP, a finite element analysis program. Blood was assumed to have Newtonian properties while the flow was assumed to be steady and laminar. The wall of the artery was considered to be rigid. For this study, the angle of flare was varied from 1/spl deg/ to 5/spl deg/ with an inlet to outlet diameter ratio of 0.33. Reynolds numbers for the simulation ranged from 100 to 1000. A critical Reynolds number existed below which no separation zone was formed. At Reynolds numbers greater than this critical value, recirculation zones formed downstream of the flare. A linear relationship was observed between the length of the recirculation zone and the Reynolds number. There was an inverse, non-linear relationship between the critical Reynolds number and the flaring angle. The length of the recirculation zone was more sensitive to changes in Reynolds numbers at higher flaring angles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".