Resonant oscillations of an inhomogeneous gas between concentric spheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate the effects of nonlinearity, geometry and stratification on the resonant motion of a gas contained between two concentric spheres. The emphasis is on whether the motion is continuous, and on how the inhomogeneity, geometry or nonlinearity can move the motion to a shocked state. Linear undamped theory yields a standing wave of arbitrary amplitude and an eigenvalue equation in which the higher eigenvalues are not integer multiples of the fundamental; the system is said to be dissonant. Higher modes, generated by the nonlinearity, are not resonant and consequently shocks may not form. When the output is shockless, the amplitude is two orders of magnitude greater than that of the input. When the eigenvalues for a homogeneous gas are not sufficiently dissonant and shocks form, the introduction of a stratification in the gas can restore dissonance and allow a continuous output. Similarly, the introduction of an inhomogeneity can change a continuous motion to a shocked one, as can an increase in the input Mach number, or an increase in the geometrical parameter. Various limits of the eigenvalue equation are considered and previous results for simpler geometries are recovered; e.g. a full sphere, a cone and a straight tube.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".