DNA-Binding Protein Nanotubes: Learning from Nature's Nanotech Examples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacterial pili are nanofibers made of protein subunits. Here we report the controlled assembly of protein nanotubes from an engineered Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilin monomer. The nanotubes are up to 100 μm long with an outer diameter of ∼6 nm and a predicted inner diameter of ∼2 nm. Protein nanotube formation appears to proceed through a hydrophobe-initiated conformational shift in the pilin monomer, which then self-associates to form thin linear filaments that coalesce to form long protein nanotubes. Protein nanotubes are highly attractive for nanotechnology, as protein engineering confers unprecedented control over mechanical and chemical properties. Moreover, like type IV pili, our nanotubes bind DNA, further broadening their appeal in nanotechnological applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".