The Role of Infections in Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a paucity of literature addressing infection-related morbidity and mortality in children with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of macrophages, hypercytokinemia, and T cell immunosuppression. Therefore, a retrospective chart review was done of patients diagnosed with primary HLH over a 15-year period. Significant infections present at diagnosis, during the course of illness, and just prior to death or at autopsy were noted. Of the 18 children identified with primary HLH, an infectious agent was documented at the initial presentation of HLH in 5. Significant infections occurred during therapy in 10 (56%) of 18. Of the 12 fatal cases, invasive infection was the cause of death in 8 children, and 6 of these deaths were directly attributable to invasive fungal infection. Significant infections were common during therapy in children with primary HLH, and fungal infections were an important cause of mortality in this group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".