Perinatal Reference Intervals for Plasma Homocysteine and Factors Influencing Its Concentration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Moderately increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations have been associated with an increased risk of atherothrombotic vascular events (1). Disturbances in homocysteine metabolism have also been reported as a possible risk factor for early pregnancy loss and congenital birth defects, such as neural tube defects, as well as for maternal obstetric complications (2). Reference intervals for healthy maternal and newborn populations are scarce; in particular, we could not find data on large samples of women at delivery. Raijmakers et al. (3) reported tHcy results for samples collected at delivery or 4 h before caesarian section on 35 women. Bohles et al. (4) and Malinow et al. (5) measured tHcy at delivery in 60 and 35 women, respectively, and Bjorke Monsen et al. (6) reported results for 169 samples collected between 96 to 108 h after birth. Available data on newborns include the results from one large study in Italy (7) and a few smaller studies (3)(4)(5)(6), among which only one is from North America; it included 35 women and their newborns (5). Mean tHcy values were quite different among these studies. Genetic, nutritional, and lifestyle factors are believed to influence tHcy concentrations (8)(9). Among the genetic factors, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms are potentially important. Supplementation of the diet with folate as well as smoking and caffeine consumption are among other factors that can affect tHcy concentrations. None of the studies cited above took the effect of these factors into account. The goals of our study are ( a ) to provide reference values for tHcy measured within 48 h of delivery from a large unselected sample of women who gave birth to babies born at or above the 10th percentile for gestational age and sex; ( b ) to provide similar …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".