Les Noirs libres et la citoyenneté américaine dans le Nord-Ouest des États-Unis (1787-1830)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article se penche sur le territoire du Nord-Ouest des États-Unis où l’esclavage fut interdit avant même que le territoire ne soit organisé en États et ouvert au peuplement euro-américain à compter de 1787. L’interdiction de l’esclavage n’en fit pas un refuge pour les Noirs libres ou les esclaves en fuite : au contraire la région se dota de discriminations légales, et un républicanisme blanc exclusif s’y développa. Situé à l’Ouest, proche des Grands lacs et du Canada comme d’États esclavagistes, le Nord-Ouest constitua pourtant un creuset où se renouvelèrent les méthodes des antiesclavagistes au contact des Noirs libres et des esclaves fugitifs auxquels Noirs et Blancs portaient secours. Leurs combats annoncent ceux des abolitionnistes après 1830, et l’émergence d’une république plus inclusive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".