Coprecipitation of CaCO<sub>3</sub> and CaSO<sub>4</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Coprecipitation characteristics of CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 were studied under various operating conditions. The investigations were carried out in temperature‐controlled batch tests. Coprecipitation results were compared with our experimental results of a single salt crystallization. It was found that the induction period and kinetics of coprecipitation of these two salts follow that of pure CaCO 3 . However, thermodynamic concentrations of Ca in coprecipitation followed that of pure CaSO 4 at all times. The relationship between the thermodynamic concentrations of Ca for pure CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 solutions depended on the pH of the CaCO 3 solution. CaSO 4 precipitated in form of gypsum and had a needle shape structure; CaCO 3 had a spiral growth and precipitated in form of calcite. The precipitate structure was affected by the co‐existence of salts; the co‐precipitation resulted in CaCO 3 crystals interwoven by CaSO 4 crystals. This tends to result in a co‐precipitate that is stronger than pure CaSO 4 and weaker than pure CaCO 3 precipitate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".