Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with significant long-term complications such as the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). The present review focuses on the risk determinants of PTS after DVT, means to treat and prevent PTS, and the impact of PTS on patients and society. Knowledge acquired during the last decade is presented, with emphasis on reports published in the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS: PTS occurs in 20-50% of patients within 1-2 years after DVT. The principal risk factor for PTS identified to date is recurrent ipsilateral DVT; obesity and poor quality of anticoagulation for the treatment of DVT also appear to play a role. Although treatment options for established PTS are limited, a new battery-operated lower limb venous return assist device was recently shown in a randomized trial to reduce symptoms and signs in patients with severe PTS. Daily use of compression stockings after DVT appears to reduce the risk of PTS, and early use may be better than the later use. SUMMARY: Further studies of clinical determinants and biological markers of increased risk of PTS as well as testing of preventive and therapeutic modalities for PTS are needed to ultimately improve long-term prognosis after DVT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".