Perinatal Micronutrient Supplements Ameliorate Hypertension and Proteinuria in Adult Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats, a model of hypertension, impaired preglomerular resistance, hyperfiltration, and progressive renal injury, we recently observed that supporting perinatal nitric oxide (NO) availability with the NO donor molsidomine persistently reduced blood pressure (BP) and ameliorated renal injury in male and female offspring. However, beneficial effects of perinatal molsidomine treatment were more pronounced in female than in male FHH rats. METHODS: To evaluate whether such protective effects could also be achieved with micronutrients, and whether the gender-dependent differences could be confirmed, we tested perinatal exposure to the micronutrients L-arginine, taurine, vitamin C, and vitamin E (ATCE) in FHH rats. Perinatal micronutrients increased urinary NO metabolite, sodium and potassium excretion only at 4 weeks of age, i.e., at the end of treatment. RESULTS: From 12 weeks onwards, control males had a significantly higher systolic BP (SBP) than females (P < 0.01); however after perinatal micronutrients, this difference was no longer present, indicating a pronounced antihypertensive effect of perinatal micronutrients in males (interaction P < 0.001). Development of proteinuria was attenuated by perinatal micronutrients in males and females. However, only females showed reduced glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, and glomerulosclerosis (GS) after perinatal micronutrients. CONCLUSIONS: In sum, perinatal micronutrients that enhance NO availability ameliorated development of hypertension and proteinuria in FHH rats. Antihypertensive effects were more pronounced in male FHH offspring, whereas renal protective effects were more pronounced in female FHH offspring. Mechanisms underlying gender-specific consequences of perinatal micronutrients require further study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".