<i>2013 Frank Newman Speller Award Lecture:</i> Integrity Management of Natural Gas and Petroleum Pipelines Subject to Stress Corrosion Cracking
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) can be a serious threat to the integrity of natural gas and petroleum pipelines. This paper describes how the pipeline industry responded to this threat by performing a comprehensive research program to determine the cause(s) of the failures and investigate various techniques for preventing future failures. The paper focuses on a relatively concise list of discoveries that have had a measurable impact on mitigation of the SCC threat. Starting with the first recognized SCC failure in 1965, the research is described in which the intergranular form of cracking (known as high-pH SCC or classical SCC) was investigated to identify the causative agent and the controlling metallurgical, environmental, and stress-related factors. In the 1980s, a second, transgranular form of SCC (near-neutral-pH SCC) was discovered in Canada, resulting in a similar scope of research activities designed to develop mitigation methods for this form of cracking. The paper then discusses how the information developed in these research programs is incorporated into pipeline integrity management programs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it