Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Orbit: A Case Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) occurs rarely in the orbit. We present four such cases, representing one of the largest case series reported to date of this rare orbital tumor. METHOD: The four patients ranged from ages 20 to 50, all of whom presented with lid swelling or bulging in the involved eye. All four patients underwent CT scan to confirm the diagnosis of an orbital mass, which was then excised. RESULTS: The tumors of all four specimens contained spindle-shaped cells with bland nuclei and rare mitotic figures. They all stained positively with CD34 and vimentin. Resection margins were positive in two of the four cases. One of these cases demonstrated residual tumor on follow-up CT scan, which remained unchanged at one-year follow-up. No evidence of residual tumor was found in the other three cases, despite one having malignant pathology. CONCLUSION: SFT is a rare and generally benign tumor of the orbit. Immunohistochemical testing with CD34 is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Although en bloc tumor resection is the definitive treatment, residual tumor may remain stable for some time. However, this must be followed closely if complete resection is not carried out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".