The serine/threonine protein phosphatase <i>SIT4</i> modulates yeast‐to‐hypha morphogenesis and virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SIT4 encodes the multifunctional catalytic subunit of a type 2A-related protein phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been implicated in cell cycle regulation and nitrogen sensing. We have identified the Candida albicans homologue of SIT4, and we show that its disruption caused a significant reduction in general growth rate, in hyphal outgrowth and in virulence in a mouse infection model. These phenotypes were reversed by the reintroduction of the wild-type SIT4 gene. We used glass DNA microarrays to measure the transcriptional profiles of 6287 open reading frames in sit4 cells undergoing the yeast-to-hypha transition induced by serum. Although differential expression of many of the hyphae-specific genes was not affected by the SIT4 deletion, the transcription of two new hyphae-induced genes, XOG1 and YNR67, was entirely reliant upon Sit4p. Both genes represent glucanases, indicating that SIT4 may play a role in controlling cell wall biogenesis. Furthermore, sit4 cells exhibited a reduced heat shock response to treatment with serum/37 degrees C, suggesting that SIT4 acts to co-ordinate the stress response signals during morphological switching. Finally, sit4 cells displayed reduced transcript levels for the genes encoding the Hog1p MAP kinase and several modulators of protein biosynthesis. Sit4p thus plays important roles during hyphal growth in Candida albicans through the regulation of cell wall biogenesis, osmosensing and protein translation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".