Social structure and space use in a wild population of the Australian short-headed seahorse Hippocampus breviceps Peters, 1869
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the first information available from repeated field observations of a wild Hippocampus breviceps population, and an uncommon example of mixed-sex social grouping in seahorses. At two study sites in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, adult seahorses were found at a mean density of 0.21 seahorses per m2 over rocky reef–algal habitat. Each site had a sex ratio of 1 : 1. Seahorses showed varying degrees of site fidelity, with 12 of 38 adults present in the study area throughout the 5-week study period. Adults at the sites moved within small (1–12 m2) and overlapping (with 2–10 others) spatial areas, with most seahorses restricting their movements in the early morning to a smaller core area. Females used significantly larger spatial areas and core areas than did males. Core areas generally coincided with particular seaweeds at which stable groups of two to five seahorses would be found each morning. These core areas were commonly the site of social encounters. Adult seahorses engaged in displays and interactions with opposite-sex partners, although not every day, and not necessarily with the same partner at each encounter. Longer-term observations over a larger study area are necessary to characterise H. breviceps’ movement patterns and mating system more precisely.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".