An Area-Efficient FPGA-Based Architecture for Fully-Parallel Stochastic LDPC Decoding
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stochastic decoding is a new alternative method for low complexity decoding of error-correcting codes. This paper presents the first hardware architecture for stochastic decoding of practical Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes on factor graphs. The proposed architecture makes fully-parallel decoding of (long) state-of-the-art LDPC codes viable on FP-GAs. Implementation results for a (1024, 512) fully-parallel LDPC decoder shows an area requirement of about 36% of a Xilinx Virtex-4 XC4VLX200 device and a throughput of 706 Mbps at a bit-error-rate of about 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> with performance loss0 of about 0.1 dB, with respect to the nearly ideal floating-point sum-product algorithm with 32 iterations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it