Morphological and gene expression pattern changes in <i>wrky46</i> mutant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> under altered gravity conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arabidopsis roots are important organs for gravity sensing and gravitropic response. Long-term exposure of Arabidopsis to three-dimensional (3D) clinorotation was found to result in increased expression of WRKY46. In this study, the response of wrky46 mutants, constructed by T-DNA insertion, to simulated microgravity and gravistimulation by reorientation was studied. Microgravity conditions were simulated using a 3D clinostat, which simulates weightlessness. Morphological changes, such as root coiling, waving, and multidirectional growth patterns, were observed in the wild type (WT) seedlings after only 4 days of 3D clinorotation treatment, while in the wrky46 mutant seedlings, the changes observed were minimal compared with those of WT seedlings. Polar auxin transport played an important role in the observed morphological changes. Therefore, expression of the polar auxin transport genes AUX1, PIN2, -3, -4, and -7, and ARG1 was analyzed. Their expression was found to be higher in wrky46 seedlings than in WT seedlings under 3D clinorotation. Gravistimulation by reorientation was achieved by horizontally reorienting the seedlings. Root tip bending to 90° was observed in all WT seedlings within 18–20 h, whereas in mutant seedlings, bending of the root tip to a right angle took more than 20 h. AXR expression is known to directly correlate with root tip bending. The expression of AXR1, -2, -3, -4 was found to be higher in WT seedlings relative to mutant seedlings under gravistimulation by reorientation. However, their expression was relatively low in both WT and wrky46 plants under 3D clinorotation. These results suggest that WRKY46 plays an important role in the root gravitropic response, and in the reduction of polar auxin transport that is necessary for decreasing the effect of gravity due to clinorotation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".