Soft lodgement till deposition and syndepositional deformation, Anielinek, the Polish Lowlands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper presents a case study of sediment, termed soft lodgement till (a product of subglacial deposition by active ice), described previously on the basis of macro-evidence from Poland and Canada but not yet studied in detail in one particular site. The till at Anielinek (about 7 m thick) was examined by macroscopic observation, thin section description, and qualitative and quantitative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. It shows a macroscopic massive structure and overlies a flat top of glaciolacustrine sediments. These sediments form upward intrusions within the till—owing to the existence of reversed density gradients among the deposits—and the upper parts of the intrusions are tilted in consistent directions within the successive parts of the till. Moreover, SEM images also record uniformly oriented microintrusions within this diamictic material. The occurrence of these macro- and microstructures within the successive parts of the till point to an almost continuous process of intrusion during ongoing deposition of the till and to water saturation of the subglacial environment. Such conditions reduced friction of the glacier bed against its substratum, and glacial debris must have been mainly melt-released from the moving glacier base. This process was responsible for deposition of sediment (soft lodgement till) that was immediately and continuously deformed by glacial stress during the ongoing accretion of debris from the glacier base.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".