Toward single‐step anodic fabrication of monodisperse TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube arrays on non‐native substrates
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shape irregularity and size dispersion exhibited by TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) is a disadvantage for size‐selective applications such as flow‐through membranes, cell differentiation and drug delivery, and for photonic applications such as photonic crystals and metallodielectric metamaterials, where size and shape dispersity are sources of defects and scattering. We show that achieving extremely smooth Ti films is more critical than a large Ti grain size in attaining highly ordered nanotube arrays with minimal dispersity in shape and size, and obtain the insight that uniform pore nucleation is determinative of the quality of the nanostructures that result following electrochemical anodization. TiO 2 nanotubes formed by anodization of highly smooth Ti films on single crystal silicon wafers in electrolytes with high water concentrations had only circular pores with a narrow dispersion of pore diameters, and exhibited uniform cross‐sections along the tube‐axis. Pattern order was evaluated using 2D‐FFT analysis . TiO 2 nanotubes on Si wafers with a (a) narrow and (b) wide dispersion in shape and size.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it