The hyporheic assemblage of a recently formed stream following deglaciation in Glacier Bay, Alaska, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many studies focus on the recovery of stream communities following disturbances such as high flows (secondary succession); relatively few examine community composition in streams undergoing primary succession and even fewer detail the hyporheic community in such streams. We examined the composition and temporal distribution of invertebrates in the shallow hyporheic sediments of Stonefly Creek, a recently deglaciated stream in Glacier Bay, Alaska, USA, whose lower reaches became ice free in the late 1970s. We used modified polyvinyl chloride wells at four contrasting sites over two years in this stream and collected data on stream temperature, discharge, and suspended solids. A diverse assemblage of 19 taxa was found, including cyclopoid and harpacticoid Copepoda, Ostracoda, Cladocera, tardigrades, and macroinvertebrates, but the nature and extent of the goods and services provided by the hyporheos of this young stream to the whole river ecosystem are unclear. The hyporheic assemblage differed strongly between sites and years and was significantly more abundant and diverse where there was minimal disturbance by redd-digging salmon. This study gives an insight into the development of the hyporheos in a primary successional context and our findings are also relevant to new streams created during river engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".