Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known and appreciated that the lungs contain organized lymphoid tissue. A few years ago while investigating the effect of the introduction of immune complexes into rabbit lungs, we observed that there were present in the bronchial walls lymphoid aggregates which resembled those in the intestine.l–3 Because the Peyer’s patches had been loosely included in the term gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) we termed this bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue or BALT. On becoming much more interested in the nature of this tissue, and upon doing a literature survey, we found that this lymphoid tissue had been well described some 100 years previously but for obscure reasons in more recent years reference to it was infrequent. Klein,4 more than 100 years ago, observed such aggregates in the bronchial tract and noticed their similarity to Peyer’s patches. Similar lymphoid aggregates have been observed in primitive mammals by Miller5 and have now been identified in humans, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, rats, mice, swine and chickens.1–15
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".