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Record W2140728280 · doi:10.1159/000233736

Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

2009· article· en· W2140728280 on OpenAlexaff
John Bienenstock

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicHelicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
Canadian institutionsMcMaster University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsImmunologyLymphatic systemBronchusPathologyMedicineBiologyRespiratory diseaseLungInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

It is well known and appreciated that the lungs contain organized lymphoid tissue. A few years ago while investigating the effect of the introduction of immune complexes into rabbit lungs, we observed that there were present in the bronchial walls lymphoid aggregates which resembled those in the intestine.l–3 Because the Peyer’s patches had been loosely included in the term gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) we termed this bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue or BALT. On becoming much more interested in the nature of this tissue, and upon doing a literature survey, we found that this lymphoid tissue had been well described some 100 years previously but for obscure reasons in more recent years reference to it was infrequent. Klein,4 more than 100 years ago, observed such aggregates in the bronchial tract and noticed their similarity to Peyer’s patches. Similar lymphoid aggregates have been observed in primitive mammals by Miller5 and have now been identified in humans, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, rats, mice, swine and chickens.1–15

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.947
Threshold uncertainty score0.506

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.237
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations104
Published2009
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

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