A new pressure drop model for flow‐through orifice plates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study was carried out to seek a suitable model to describe flow through orifices. The model of developing flow through short ducts was found to be adequate. There were two free parameters in the model equation involving the normalized pressure drop and Reynolds number. Experiments were performed using two Plexiglas tanks separated by an orifice. The liquid level height variation with time was recorded. A unique parametric estimation technique was used to determine the two free parameters from the dynamic liquid level data. It was found that direct use of the experimental data (liquid level heights) is the best option in correlating the experimental data with the model. The correlation fits well with the present and literature experimental data quite well. It was found that the variation of the pressure drop with the flow rate is linear when the flow is weak, where the orifice Reynolds number is less 10. When the flow is strong, the ratio of the pressure drop to the flow rate becomes linearly related to the flow rate. These two limits are identical to those for flow in porous media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".