Serum matrix metalloproteinase‐3 in hemodialysis patients with dialysis‐related amyloidosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) has been linked to osteoarticular destruction in rheumatic arthritis. To investigate the role of MMP-3 in dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), we determined serum MMP-3 in long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients with and without clinical manifestations of DRA. METHODS: Thirty-three subjects (63% female, 3% diabetic) enrolled in the study between September 2001 and June 2003. All patients underwent standard HD three times per week, using high-flux dialyzers. Four patients had active DRA complications (DRA patients), whereas the others (n = 29) had no evidence of DRA. We determined serum concentrations of MMP-3, C-reactive protein (CRP), beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We also studied the effects of hemodiafiltration (HDF) on inflammatory measures by transferring the DRA patients from regular HD to predilution HDF. RESULTS: The DRA group had been on dialysis significantly longer than the control group. Significant positive correlations were observed between MMP-3 and IL-6 (R(2) = 0.5143, p < 0.0001) and MMP-3 and CRP (R(2) = 0.6492, p < 0.0001). IL-6 levels increased after a single dialysis treatment, but this effect was minimal with predilution HDF (the increment of IL-6 levels did not exceed 10 pg/mL). Serum MMP-3 levels decreased in parallel with the decrease of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-3 serum levels increase in accordance with clinical manifestations of DRA and elevated circulating levels of IL-6. For the evaluation of the pathophysiologic state of DRA, serum MMP-3 may be a useful predictor indicative of chronic inflammation and osteoarticular disorders in DRA patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".