Multi-rate switched capacitor filter design with aggressive sampling-rates: filtorX in action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A methodology to accurately design multirate switched-capacitor (SC) filters is derived. Multirate SC filter design is an effective means of minimizing silicon area for bandpass systems. The theory derived allows designs to achieve maximal area savings by employing sampling rates approaching the minimum allowed by sampling theory. Designing filters to simultaneously operate at different sampling rates can require numerical optimization to correct for the effects of multirate operation, filtorX, a computer-aided filter design tool, was employed to design a CCITT V.22 high-band modem filter as a test of the derived design methodology. The result was an improvement of the uncorrected multirate filter, which had exceeded passband tolerances, to one which was within tolerances. The multirate filter, operating at sampling rates of 128 kHz and 8 kHz, required 70% less capacitor area than the equivalent single-rate filter operating at a sampling rate of 128 kHz.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".