A 60 GHz CMOS balanced downconversion mixer with a layout efficient 90° hybrid coupler
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design and realization of a downconversion mixer fabricated in a standard 130 nm commercial CMOS process and aimed at applications in the 60 GHz ISM band. A balanced mixer configuration was implemented using a layout efficient 90deg hybrid coupler which serves as a diplexer to inject the LO signal while also providing two outputs with 3 dB of attenuation and 90deg phase shift. The mixer achieves a conversion gain of +0.3 dB and an OIP3 of +2.3 dBm. The mixer also consumes 200 muA of DC current and 8 mA of peak current while driven from a single 2 V supply. The layout area, including test pads, is 1.4 mm times 1.0 mm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".