Pathogenicity of 14 isolates of<i>Phoma sclerotioides</i>, causing brown root rot of alfalfa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fourteen isolates of Phoma sclerotioides were compared for pathogenicity to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Thirteen isolates obtained from roots of diseased alfalfa plants collected in Wyoming were compared with one isolate from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 56515) previously obtained from a diseased alfalfa root collected in Canada. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain inoculum of all 14 isolates was prepared and placed adjacent to the upper taproot of 4- to 6-month-old ‘Multi-plier’ alfalfa plants grown in Tall One Treepots (Stuewe & Sons, Corvallis, Ore.) containing a pasteurized soil-sand mixture. After inoculation, plants were placed outdoors in Laramie, Wyoming, USA, to undergo exposure to winter conditions previously reported to be essential for fungal infection. Bales of straw were placed around potted plants and loose straw was placed on top of plants for additional protection against winter injury. Each spring, plants were returned to the greenhouse and roots were given a disease rating for brown root rot on a scale of 1–5 (1, no disease symptoms, healthy-appearing root; 5, acute root symptoms, plant dead). Plants were maintained in the greenhouse during the summer and, again, placed outside in the early fall for a second winter exposure period. All 14 isolates were pathogenic to alfalfa. Mean disease severity rating and plant mortality of isolates in test 1 were 4.0 and 34.5%, respectively, after the first winter and 4.8 and 56.5%, respectively, (cumulative mortality of 91.0%) after the second winter. Final disease severity ratings and plant mortality for test 2 were 3.9 and 51.6%, respectively, after the first winter and 4.5 and 7.9%, respectively, (cumulative mortality of 59.5%) after the second winter. Although differing somewhat in morphology when maintained in the dark at 10 °C for 3 months on potato dextrose agar, all 14 isolates had beaked pycnidia, had single-celled conidia, and were identified morphologically as P. sclerotioides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".