Bibliographic record
Abstract
The U.S. population is growing as fast as or faster than any other more developed country. Between 1990 and 2000 nearly 33 million people were added to the U.S. population-a group nearly as large as Argentinas population and the greatest 10-year increase ever for the country. This growth is in stark contrast to the slow or negative population growth in other more developed countries and reinforces the United States demographic position in the developed world. At 288 million in 2002 the United States is also the worlds third-largest country. Although it is well behind numbers one and two-demographic billionaires China and India-the United States remains the largest more developed country. Russia with 145 million in 2002 comes closest in size but its numbers are dwindling because it has more deaths than births each year. Japan-at 127 million the third-largest more developed country-also faces population decline in the near future. Other more developed countries a group that includes the rest of Europe Canada Australia and New Zealand are far smaller and are not expected to grow much larger over the next half-century. The United States in contrast is projected to add nearly 140 million people by 2050 bringing the population total to 420 million. (excerpt)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".