Glucocorticoids, 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Mother, Fetus, or Both?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In many animal species, including the human, there is maturation of fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and increased output of fetal glucocorticoid (GC) during late gestation. The role of GC in the fetus in promoting maturation of fetal organ systems necessary for extrauterine life is well known, but GCs promote differentiation at the expense of diminished proliferation. The pioneering studies of Liggins and Howie (1) demonstrated clearly in fetal sheep the importance of GC in promoting maturation of the fetal lung and led to the use of synthetic GC given to the patient at risk for preterm labor to prevent respiratory distress in the newborn. Subsequently, several groups of investigators have suggested that although a single course of synthetic GC was beneficial to the fetus, sustained exposure to elevations of exogenous GC was not, in view of the animal studies showing that GC may lead to restricted fetal growth, impaired neurological development, and “programmed” characteristics of insulin resistance, hypertension, and altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responsiveness in later life (2–4).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.030 | 0.019 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".