Thermal Adsorption and Catalytic Photodegradation Studies of Carbendazim Fungicide in Natural Soil and Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adsorption characteristics and catalytic photodegradation of carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate) have been investigated in Kurdistan natural soil and different natural waters (drinking, river, lake and ground water). Physico-chemical properties of the natural soil and water were determined. The equilibrium adsorption of carbendazim onto studied soil samples described by Freundlich adsorption model. The catalytic photodegradation processes were studied in aqueous Titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspensions under UV radiation. The kinetic study was done by monitoring the concentration during the degradation process, using High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), coupled with UV-visible spectrophotometer. It was found that the photocatalytic degradation process in this work exhibited pseudo first-order kinetics. The rates of catalytic photodegradation of carbendazim in natural water were lower than that in distilled water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".