Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Plastic Additives Inhibit Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex I
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first and major entry point of electrons into the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC)1 occurs through NADH-coenzyme Q reductase (complex I). Decreased complex I activity is associated with a wide range of conditions, including inherited mitochondrial diseases and neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson disease (1)(2). More than 60 natural and commercial compounds are reported to inhibit complex I activity, among them certain pesticides, agrochemicals, and MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a neurotoxin that induces parkinsonism in humans; thus, exposure to these compounds may be harmful(3). We report here that nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP) surfactants leach from disposable laboratory plasticware and inhibit mitochondrial complex I. During a routine diagnostic workup designed to diagnose mitochondrial diseases from patients’ muscle biopsy samples, we observed a substantial (50%–66%) decrease of mitochondrial enzymatic activities related to complex I compared with historical values determined spectrophotometrically in our laboratory. Furthermore, a 71% decrease in complex I–dependent oxygen consumption was also observed with glutamate + malate as substrates (Oxygraph, Hansatech Instruments) (2). Notably, other MRC activities, as well as citrate synthase, a mitochondrial marker enzyme, were largely unaffected. It was determined that inhibition resulted from a single brief period of contact between assay reagents and blue polypropylene 1-mL pipette …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".