Involvement of the Integrin-Linked Kinase Pathway in Hexachlorobenzene-Induced Gender-Specific Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Overexpression of the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway disrupts cell-cell interactions, an epigenetic event leading to epithelial cell transformation. Female rats exposed to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) for 5 consecutive days and sampled 45 days later show a decrease in liver gap junctional intercellular communication. We hypothesized that HCB also alters E-cadherin expression and that this alteration is mediated by the ILK pathway. Hepatic ILK levels were markedly increased in HCB-treated female rats. Cytoplasmic/membrane levels of protein kinase B (Akt), a target of ILK, and its phosphorylated active form were decreased in treated female rats. Flow cytometric analysis showed a concomitant increase in nuclear Akt levels. Both ILK and Akt can phosphorylate glycogen synthetase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta), rendering it inactive. Phosphorylated-GSK3beta levels were higher in treated females and resulted in a twofold decrease in the activity of GSK3beta. The inactivation of GSK3beta in HCB-treated female rats resulted in the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, as demonstrated by both immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric analyses. Western blot analysis showed an 84% decrease in E-cadherin levels in HCB-treated rats as compared to controls, and this decrease was not mediated by Snail activation. Mimicking the activation of ILK with specific GSK3beta inhibitors resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin levels but had no effect on Cx32 expression in the MH(1)C(1) cells. Overall, these results indicate that hepatic E-cadherin is downregulated as a result of an overexpression of the ILK pathway. The concomitant HCB-induced downregulation of intercellular communication does not occur as a result of either E-cadherin downregulation or GSK3beta inactivation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".