Investigating Inlet Condition Effects on PEMFC GDL Liquid Water Transport through Pore Network Modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, the influence of the liquid water inlet boundary conditions at the gas diffusion layer (GDL)/catalyst layer interface on the spatial distribution of liquid water within the GDL was studied. We used pore network modeling with invasion percolation to simulate liquid water transport in a commercially available GDL, where the detailed, 3D microstructure of the GDL was obtained through X-ray imaging. Three inlet boundary conditions were studied: uniform pressure (single reservoir), uniform flux (completely discretized reservoirs), and distributed uniform pressure (random spatial- and size-distributions of reservoirs). We presented the distributed uniform pressure boundary condition as a more realistic inlet, where inlets are randomly distributed reservoirs that are connected to multiple inlet pores. It was found that the overall saturation ranged from 6% to 28% when the number of inlets ranged from 20 to 300; however, the GDL/catalyst layer delamination dominated water transport behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".