Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have imaged a 42 field centered on the spheroidal galaxy NGC 147 to study its AGB population and determine the main structural properties of this M 31 companion. This field was observed through two broadband (R and I) and two narrowband (CN and TiO) filters, following the standard approach of our systematic survey of C stars in nearby galaxies. We identified 288 C stars in NGC 147. The average I-magnitude of such sample of C stars is with . If we adopt a distance modulus , derived from the luminosity of both the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) and the horizontal branch (HB) by Han et al., we conclude that the average absolute I-magnitude of C stars is = –4.39, thus slightly under luminous with respect to what was found for other galaxies in our survey. From the radial surface profile we derive a scale length of 4.1 ± and a tidal radius rt = 33.9 ± , a value quite larger than previous estimates. The C star population shows a scale length remarkably similar, thus suggesting that intermediate-age stars in NGC 147 are well mixed with the older population. Finally, the overall ratio is 0.24 ± 0.02 and its local values increase monotonically from the center up to 3.5 scale lengths (beyond which counts become too low to yield reliable ratios). Such radial behaviour implies a corresponding decrease of about 0.4 dex in [Fe/H], confirming a well defined metallicity gradient in NGC 147.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".