Autosomal Dominant Resistance to Thyrotropin as a Distinct Entity in Five Multigenerational Kindreds: Clinical Characterization and Exclusion of Candidate Loci
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: Resistance to TSH (RTSH) is an inherited disorder of variable hyposensitivity to TSH. The metabolic consequences can range from euthyroid hyperthyrotropinemia to severe congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia. Although subclinical and mild hypothyroidism fitting the RTSH phenotype is common in the population, the role of genetic factors is far from being understood. Only in rare cases has RTSH been attributed to TSHR or PAX8 gene mutations. OBJECTIVE, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Toward the identification of novel RTSH genes, we studied five large, unrelated families comprising 102 individuals, 56 of whom were affected. RESULTS: Inheritance of RTSH in these families followed an autosomal dominant pattern without evidence for incomplete penetrance, yet expressivity was variable. Considering only fully phenotyped generations, 64% of the progeny was affected, with a 1:1.4 male-to-female ratio. Of 18 affected individuals tested in the neonatal period, two were undetected because of borderline results. The thyroid phenotype was indistinguishable from that observed with PAX8 and TSHR defects. In four families, untreated affected subjects of all ages had elevated serum thyroglobulin levels, consistent with a defect in the thyroid follicle cells. Linkage of RTSH to TSHR and PAX8 was excluded in all five families. For the largest families, we likewise excluded a contribution of genes previously only associated with syndromic forms of RTSH, namely TITF1, GNAS, and FOXE1. CONCLUSIONS: These kindreds represent a distinct etiological entity of autosomal dominant RTSH. According to the clinical presentation of these families, genetic causes of mild hyperthyrotropinemia in the general population may be more common than currently appreciated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".