Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article deals with the linguistic points of variation problems, the comments of various linguists dealing withthe phenomenon of variation. It also deals with the formation of the realization of intra- and extra linguisticreasons of language units in speech acts in variants. The article states the separated stage of American Englishfrom the British English as an independent language as well. The differences between the investigated variants inall levels of the language have also been investigated in the article. But these differences are mostly observed insyntagmatic realization of phonological system. The materials selected from the English sources due to thepronunciation of the speakers of American and British variants have been drawn to the auditor and acousticanalyses. The language material has been experimented through the Praat program. The generalizations andpoints of the results in the very article are based on the experimented materials. Most linguists claim that theAmerican variant of the English language has been separated from the British variant of the English languageand is used as an independent language. The separation between the variants of American and English languagesis observed in the morphological, lexical, and phonological levels of the language. But the differences betweenthe variants are mostly observed on the phonological levels of the phonetic realization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".