Collaborative Code Tracking of Composite GNSS Signals
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Modern and modernized global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals exhibit significant structural innovations such as the use of two channels, namely the data and pilot components, which separately carry the navigation message and ranging information. These innovations have stimulated the development of new techniques that fully exploit the potential of these new signals. This paper analyses two different strategies, noncoherent and coherent channel combining, that enable collaborative tracking of the data and pilot components, thus circumventing the drawback of having the available power split between two channels. Traditional single channel discriminators are modified in order to accommodate the data/pilot structure and the different combining strategies. The performance of each algorithm is analyzed in terms of tracking jitter and a new characterization, based on the sign error rate (SER), is proposed for evaluating the coherent channel combining with sign recovery. This characterization, supported by simulations, is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, new and represents one of the main contributions of this paper.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it